Vitamin B1 (Thiamine HCl) 25 mg |
Carbohydrate utilization & cognitive processes |
Ziegler et al. 2023, meta-analysis of 20 RCTs — improved markers of carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function (Metabolism) · Xu et al. 2024, cross-sectional study (n=29,180) — higher thiamine intake linked to better cognitive and mood scores (full text) · Maguire et al. 2018, systematic review of 19 studies — low thiamine status is common with high-carbohydrate diets and higher body weight (Clinical Nutrition) |
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Mitochondrial energy cofactor |
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Neurotransmitter synthesis |
Pokushalov et al. 2024, RCT (MDPI) |
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CoA synthesis; lipid support |
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NAD+ precursor; skin health |
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Insulin signalling; cellular messenger; cardiovascular health |
Hashemi-Tari et al. 2021, meta-analysis of 7 RCTs — better cardiovascular markers (Clinical Nutrition) · Firth et al. 2019, meta-analysis of 33 RCTs — safety and tolerability (Research Report) |
Folate (Quatrefolic®) 400 mcg DFE |
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Pokushalov et al. 2024 RCT n=54 (Soloways™) (MDPI) · Bo et al. 2020 umbrella review 133 meta-analyses observational 154 meta RCTs (Frontiers in Public Health) · Zargarzadeh et al. 2021, meta-analysis of 18 RCTs, n=2,286 (Clinical Therapeutics) · Gao et al. 2024, umbrella analysis of 8 meta-analyses — better mood scores (Wiley) |
Vitamin B12 (Me-cbl) 500 µg |
Myelin & DNA synthesis; cardiovascular health |
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Keratin cofactor; nail strength |
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Antioxidant; neutrophil function |
Liugan & Carr 2019 RCT review (MDPI) |
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Immune-cell function; skin repair |
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Collagen & heme synthesis |
Annals of Hematology 2018 review — copper is required for normal red-blood-cell formation (SpringerLink) |
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Selenoproteins; antioxidant enzymes |
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Chromium Picolinate 50 µg |
Insulin receptor cofactor |
Asbaghi et al. 2020, meta-analysis of 23 RCTs — healthier fasting glucose (Pharmacological Research) · Xia et al. 2023, network meta-analysis of 170 RCTs, 14,223 adults — chromium linked to healthier fasting glucose and insulin levels (Pharmacological Research) |
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Supports normal thyroid function |
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